浅析我国古代监察制度

Study on Chinese Ancient Supervision System

中国古代监察制度是封建官僚政治制度的重要组成部分,它不仅在整顿封建吏治、巩固封建专制统治和维护社会稳定等方面发挥了极其重要的作用,而且也为后世积累了丰富的文化遗产和可资借鉴的宝贵经验.古代监察制度有着从初创到完善再到强化的发展历程,监察官的选拔标准及其严格,选拔的途径体现出了高度集权型.监察制度的特点主要有机构独立,实行垂直领导;监察官秩卑、位尊、权重;监察方式的多样化;参与诉讼,掌管司法事务;选任、考核和迁转都有特定的条件和特殊的规定;监察范围极其广泛.

The ancient Chinese supervisory system was an important component of the feudal bureaucratic system, which not only played an important role in rectifying the feudal bureaucratic corruption, consolidating the feudal despotism and mainta-ining social stability, but also accumulated rich cultural legacies and valuable referential experience for the future generations. The ancient supervision system has a development process from initial creation to perfection to reinforcement. The selection criteria of the ombudsman and its strictness, the way of selection reflects a highly centralized type. The characteristics of the monitoring system are mainly institutional independence, vertical leadership;ombudsman ranks, respect, weight;diversifica-tion ofsupervision methods;participation in litigation, in charge of judicial affairs;selection, assessment and transfer have spe-cific conditions and special regulations;the scope of supervision is extremely broad.