简阳市职业人群布鲁氏菌病相关知识和行为现状调查及其影响因素分析

Currency Survey and Influencing Factors Analysis on the Knowledge and Behavior Related to Brucellosis among Occupational Workers in Jianyang City

目的了解简阳市职业人群布鲁氏菌病(布病)相关知识和行为现状及其影响因素,为制定符合非牧区特色的综合防控策略提供基础资料。方法 2018年4~6月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取简阳市18岁及以上与羊及其制品有接触的职业人群进行问卷调查,对布病相关知识、行为条目得分情况进行频数和百分比描述,计算知识总体知晓率,并采用非条件logistic回归分析布病相关知识和行为的影响因素。结果共纳入研究对象378人,25.1%的被调查对象听说过布病,布病防治知识总体知晓率为22.0%。职业防护行为较差,使用防护服或穿工作服、戴口罩、戴手套的得分率分别为58.7%、76.5%、71.7%。多因素分析发现布病防治知识知晓率随着年龄增加而下降,但是知识知晓率随着文化程度增加而上升,且职业与知识知晓率有关;知晓布病知识是布病相关行为的保护因素,且职业和布病相关行为有关。结论简阳市职业人群布鲁氏菌病相关知识和行为水平总体不高,亟待在该地区持续开展有针对性的布病防治健康教育和健康促进活动,应重点关注文化程度低及养殖业人群。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of the knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis among occupational workers in Jianyang city, and to provide basic information for developing regional specific strategies for brucellosis prevention and control. Methods With multistage cluster random sampling, occupational workers aged ≥18 yr. who had been in contact with sheep and their products were interviewed through a questionnaire about demographic characteristic, knowledge, and behavior related to brucellosis. The knowledge and practice scores were described as frequency and percentage, and the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis was calculated. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis. Results In total, 378 workers were recruited. The minority (25. 1%) of the workers had heard of *brucellosis and the awareness rate of brucellosis was 22. 0%. Occupational protective behaviors were poor, and the scoring rates of wearing protective clothes, mask and gloves were 58. 7%. 76. 5 %. 71. 7 % respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis decreased with age, while the low educational level was found to be associated with low awareness of knowledge about brucellosis, and occupation type had association with the awareness rate of knowledge. Besides, the awareness of knowledge about brucellosis was a protective factor and occupation type were associated with the behavior related to brucellosis. Conclusion The knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis are poor among occupational workers in Jianyang. It is necessary to continuously implement targeted health education and health promotion programs in this region, and the people with low education level and livestock farmers should be paid special attention to.