现场混装炸药爆速测试技术改进方法探讨

Discussion on Improvement Method of Detonation Velocity Testing Technology for Site Mixed Explosives

针对现有的国家标准仅针对孔外爆速测试,并未对爆速测试的所有重要细节做出详细指导,实际的现场爆速测试存在失败率高、数据有效性差的问题,开展了爆速测试试验研究。总结了试验研究中暴露出的关键细节问题,提出了意见与解决措施。对比了孔内、孔外炸药爆速测试数据,结果显示孔外、孔内爆速数据差异明显,可见孔内爆速不适合直接作为工程爆破设计的参考指标;进行了多段爆速测试,数据表明炸药不稳定爆轰对爆速显著影响,提出宜采用多段测试避免影响;探讨了装药容器破片对爆速测试成功率的重要影响及作用机理,指出了避免破片破坏测试线路的合理的布线方法;分析了线路固定、电磁干扰对测试线路可靠性的影响,提出孔内测试应采用坚固装置固定线路及尽可能采用电磁屏蔽线减小电磁干扰。上述研究成果有利于提高现场爆速测试试验的成功率与数据的可靠性。

Detonation velocity is one of the most commonly used parameters for explosive. The existing national standards are just applied for the detonation outside of blasting hole. More importantly, these standards do not provide all necessary guidance on the explosive detonation test. To deal with problems like high failure rate and poor data validity on site detonation velocity test, the detonation test research was carried out. The key defects exposed in the test were summarized, and the corresponding solutions were put forward. The detonation velocity in-hole and outside- of-hole were obtained with obvious difference. As a result, the in-hole detonation velocity is not suitable as a reference for engineering blasting design. Previous data indicates that the unstable detonation affected the detonation velocity a lot. The multi-segment test is given to avoid the influence of unstable detonation. The importance of the fragmentation of charging container to the detonation velocity test were discussed. The reasonable wiring method to avoid the damage of fragmentation was proposed, and the influence of the fixed line and electromagnetic interference on the reliability of the test line was also analyzed. The hole test should be fixed with a solid device and the electromagnetic shielding wire should be used as possibly to reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference.