牧户定居放牧草场植物群落特征及稳定性对放牧强度的响应

The response of plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman settled pastures to grazing intensity

为了对牧民合理放牧、维护草场生态和促进人与草原和谐相处提供理论支撑,在野外考察和实验室数据分析的基础上,采用定性和定量结合的方法研究了定居网围栏放牧方式下牧户草场植物群落特征及稳定性对不同放牧强度的响应。结果表明:处于不同放牧强度下的牧户草场植物群落特征已出现显著差异;牧户草场放牧强度与草原退化指示种平均重要值占比呈正相关;牧户放牧强度与草场植物群落稳定性呈负相关。说明放牧强度对牧户草场植物群落特征及稳定性产生重要影响,当牧户放牧强度超过草场的承载力时可能引起草原稳定性减弱、植物群落物种间结构差异化,从而导致草原生态系统的失衡。控制牲畜数量、合理放牧是当下保护草原生态、促进牧区人地关系和谐发展的必要举措。

In order to provide theoretical support for herdsmen's reasonable grazing,for the maintenance of grassland ecology and for the promotion of the harmonious coexistence between human and grassland,based on the field investigation and laboratory data analysis,the qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the study on the response of plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures under settled fence grazing mode to the different grazing intensity. The results showed that there were significant difference in plant community characteristics of herdsman pastures under different grazing intensity. Grazing intensity of herdsman pastures had positive correlation with the average important value of grassland degradation indicator species and had negative correlation with pasture plant community characteristics and stability,which suggested that grazing intensity had an important impact on plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures. When herdsman grazing intensity exceeded the carrying capacity of the pastures,it may lead to the weakening of grassland stability and the structural differentiation of plant community species,which would result in the imbalance of the grassland ecosystem. Controlling the number of livestock and reasonable grazing are necessary measures to protect the grassland ecology and to promote the harmonious development of human-land relationship in pastoral areas.