笼养黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)日活动时间分配及活动时间节律分析

The distribution and rhythm of diurnal activity time of cage-rearing Fran?ois′ langur(Trachypithecus francoisi)

为了了解黑叶猴日活动时间分配及影响活动时间节律的因素,从2017年4月份至2018年3月份,采用瞬时扫描(5 min)法对都匀市西山公园笼养黑叶猴(1雄,2雌)进行了行为观察。结果表明:雄性个体全年平均日活动时间分配情况为休息72.5%、摄食12.3%、移动5.4%、乞食5.3%、玩耍3.4%、梳理0.6%,其他0.5%;雌性个体全年平均日活动时间分配情况为休息67.3%、摄食11.5%、乞食6.7%、玩耍6.4%、梳理4.8%、移动1.8%,其他1.5%。雄雌性别间移动和梳理行为在不同季节中差异显著(P<0.05),并且黑叶猴具有明显的日活动时间节律性。通常上午出现摄食及移动高峰,中午长时间休息,下午出现明显的移动、玩耍及乞食高峰。下午乞食高峰的出现与游客数量较多有关。不同性别间移动、梳理及玩耍行为的日活动时间节律差异显著(P<0.05)。各季节间雄性个体的移动及乞食行为时间节律差异显著(P<0.05),雌性个体的玩耍行为时间节律差异显著(P<0.05)。说明笼养黑叶猴活动时间节律受人为(游客投食)、性别及季节因素的影响。

In order to understand the distribution of diurnal activity time and the factors affecting activity time rhythm of Fran?ois′ langur,from April 2017 to March 2018,instantaneous scanning(5 min) method was adopted for the behavior observation of cage-rearing Fran?ois′ langur(1 male,2 females) in Xishan park,Duyun city. The results showed that the annual average daily activity time distribution of the male individuals was 72.5% for rest,12.3% for feeding,5.4% for moving,5.3% for begging,3.4% for playing, 0.6% for combing and 0.5% for others;that of female individual was 67.3% for rest,11.5% for feeding,6.7% for begging,6.4% for playing,4.8% for combing, 1.8% for moving and 1.5% for others. The moving and combing behaviors between male and female showed significant difference in different seasons(P<0.05). In addition,Fran?ois′ langur had a clear daily activity rhythm. Usually feeding and moving peak were observed in the morning,long time to rest at noon,obvious movement,playing and begging peak in the afternoon. Begging peak in the afternoon was related to the large number of tourists. The diurnal activity time rhythm of moving,combing and playing behaviors were significantly different between male and female(P<0.05). The time rhythm of moving and begging behaviors between male individuals were significantly different in different seasons(P<0.05),and that of the playing behavior of female individual was significantly different(P<0.05). The results suggested that the activity time rhythm of cage-rearing Fran?ois′ langur was influenced by human(feeding by tourists),gender and season factor.