潜艇与水面舰艇长航人员体检资料的对比分析

Comparison and analysis of the medical examination data between the submariners and surface ship personnel with prolonged deployment

目的通过对潜艇与水面舰艇长航人员体检资料的对比分析,为开展针对性疗养康复措施提供理论依据。方法对2016年4月至2018年4月来海军青岛第一疗养院疗养的565例潜艇与水面舰艇长航人员体检异常情况进行统计,调查不同年龄组前10位主要疾病的发生情况,并对潜艇和水面舰艇官兵的多发疾病进行对比分析。结果海勤官兵体检异常率较高,其中潜艇官兵异常检出率为88.8%,水面舰艇官兵异常检出率为87.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异常检出率排前10位的病症分别是:血常规异常(34.7%)、高尿酸血症(28.7%)、骨密度减低(27.4%)、高脂血症(24.2%)、脂肪肝(17.2%)、心电图异常(13.8%)、肾功能异常(12.0%)、肝功能异常(7.3%)、尿常规异常(4.1%)、胆结石(2.1%),其中,血常规异常、骨密度降低、高脂血症、脂肪肝、心电图异常、肝功能异常、胆结石的发生率与年龄增长有关。潜艇官兵高尿酸血症、骨矿含量减少发生率高于水面舰艇官兵,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.940,P<0.01;χ2=46.015,P<0.01);水面舰艇官兵心电图异常检出率高于潜艇官兵,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.846,P<0.01)。结论不同类型舰艇长航作业对海勤官兵健康有明显影响,应采取针对性的干预措施,提高官兵健康水平。

Objective To provide theoretical evidence of pertinent convalescent rehabilitation measures for submariners and surface ship personnel with prolonged deployment through comparison and analysis of their health examination data. Methods The data of abnormal health conditions obtained from 565 submariners and surface ship personnel who stayed in the sanatorium from April, 2016 to April, 2018 were statistically summarized at the first Naval Sanatorium of Qingdao. The incidence of top 10 diseases for different age groups was investigated and those commonly-occurred diseases were analyzed and compared between the submariners and surface ship personnel. Results The rate of abnormal physical examination data was relatively higher for the afloat service personnel. The abnormal detection rate for the submarine personnel was 88.8%, and the abnormal detection rate for surface ship personnel was 87.0%. There was no statistical significance when comparisons were made between them. The top 10 diseases were respectively abnormal blood routine (34.7%), hyperuricemia (28.7%), reduced bone mineral density (27.4%), hyperlipidemia (24.2%), fatty liver (17.2%), abnormal electrocardiogram (13.8%), abnormal renal function (12.0%), abnormal liver function (7.3%), abnormal urinary routine (4.1%) and gallstone (2.1%). Of all the disorders, the rates of abnormal blood routine, reduced bone mineral density, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, abnormal electrocardiogram, abnormal liver function and gallstone were positively correlated with age. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and reduced bone mineral density in the submariners was higher than that in surface ship personnel, with statistical significance (χ2 = 6.940, P < 0.01;χ2 = 46.015, P < 0.01), while the detection rate of abnormal ECG in surface ship personnel was higher than that in the submariners, also with statistical significance (χ2=9.846, P<0.01). Conclusion Prolonged deployment and shipboard working posts have significant impact on the disease spectrum of naval afloat personnel. Interventional measures should be taken accordingly to improve the health level of shipboard personnel.