大型水面舰艇医疗保障中眼科疾病的诊治特点

Diagnostic and treatment features of ophthalmic diseases in the medical support onboard a large naval surface vessel

目的通过调查某大型水面舰艇医疗保障中眼科疾病的诊治情况,了解该型舰员眼科疾病的发病情况、诊断特点、治疗内容,为进一步提高舰员眼部保健水平、制定相关防治建议提供参考。方法分析2015年9月1日至2016年4月30日某大型水面舰艇医务中心的眼科门诊病历记录的就诊情况。统计各种眼病的发病情况、诊断方法、治疗内容。结果结膜炎86人次(41.75%),发病率居于第1位;干眼27人次(13.11%),眼疲劳23人次(11.17%)紧随其后;居第4位的眼外伤9人次(4.37%)。裂隙灯的使用使许多眼病如近视激光术后复查、角膜上皮剥脱、角膜炎、角膜溃疡、虹睫炎及前房积血等疾病的诊断得以实现。结论大型水面舰艇环境下出现的眼科疾病的防治手段包括改善舱室通风条件,鼓励舰员锻炼及合理休息,加强眼卫生保健宣教,特殊作业佩戴防护面具,注重运动伤自身防护,加强新兵环境认知及可能意外提醒,近视激光术后需要定期复查及随访等;裂隙灯在大型水面舰艇环境眼病诊断中具有重要作用。

Objective To know the incidence and diagnostic and treatment features of ophthalmic diseases, through investigation of the treatment of ophthalmic diseases during medical support onboard a large naval surface vessel, so as to further enhance ophthalmic care of the ship crew and provide reference for the development of relevant prevention and control measures. Methods An analysis was made on the medical records collected from the ophthalmology department of the ship medical center onboard a large naval surface vessel from September 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016. The incidence, diagnosis and treatment of various ocular diseases were analyzed statistically. Results The incidence of conjunctivitis was the predominant disorder (41.7%), which was followed by dry eyes (27 cases)(13.1%) and eye fatigue (23 cases)(11.2%). Nine patients with ocular trauma (4.4%) were satisfactorily treated. The use of slit lamp facilitated the diagnosis of many ocular diseases, such as reexamination after refractive laser surgery, corneal epitheliaum defection, keratitis, corneal ulcer, iridocyclitis and hyphema. Conclusion Preventive measures against ophthalmic diseases onboard a large naval surface vessel may include better cabin ventilation, encouragement of the initiative for active physical exercise and proper rest, better education on eye health care, wearing of protective masks during special operations, self-protection against exercise injury, enhancing awareness of the ship environment against accidental injuries, regular reexamination and follow-up after refractive laser surgery. The use of the slit lamp is of great importance to the diagnosis of ocular diseases onboard the large naval surface vessel.