从传统的“天下共同体”到1946年宪法中的民族——一种观念史的疏理

From Traditional “Cosmopolitanism Community” to “Nation” in 1946 Constitution:A Historical Review of Ideas

取代天下主义的民族主义,经历了民族建国主义、民族平等协助主义和民族融合主义三个阶段。民国时期的理论家们则基于不同的民族定义,分别将中国定性为单一民族国家、多民族国家和多元一体的复合型国家。近代的民族理论和民族主义理论,都忽视了民族共同体之应区别于天下共同体的政治结构、社会结构和价值内核的面相,忽视了民族共同体之作为新的人类组织方式的本质。1946年“中华民国宪法”规定民族为不具有政治意义的纯粹文化团体,回避中华民族和中华国族的概念,意味着民族主义运动的半途而废。

The Chinese nationalism that replaces cosmopolitanism has experienced three stages: nationalism, national equality, and national integrationism. The intellectual community of the Republic of China period defined China as a state combined of single-nation, multiple nations and pluralistic integration of nations. All the existing theories have internal logic flaw and overlook the differences of the special political/social structure and core value between nation and cosmopolitanism community. The 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China defined nation as non - political and purely cultural groups and avoided concept of Chinese nations, which means that the Chinese nationalist movement has been abandoned halfway.