科学证据论

On scientific evidence

科学发现是一个利用科学方法检验科学假说从而获得科学知识的过程。本文首先分析了证据在科学活动中的作用,并从科学与事实真相发现的关系出发,论述了科学证据对司法事实认定的作用。然后探讨了司法证明活动中科学证据的生成和运用,并认为作为科学证据采纳标准的多伯特案裁决,混淆了波普尔和亨普尔的科学哲学,混淆了“可靠性”和“科学性”问题,并把“真正的科学性”等同于“按照科学方法进行操作”了,因此需要重构。科学证据可采性的内部标准包括相关性、科学有效性和可靠性;外部标准主要是指专家的可信性。

The scientific discovery is a process in which scientific hypothesis is tested by scientific methods and thus scientific knowledge is obtained. This paper analyzes firstly the role of evidence in scientific activity. Based on the analysis of the relations between science and factual truth-finding, this paper further discusses how scientific evidence acts on judicial fact-finding. This paper also discusses the generation and application of scientific evidence in judicial proof. This paper finds that, Daubert test confuses the issues in the following aspects, such as Popper's Philosophy of Science and Humper's Philosophy of Science, the concept of reliability and validity, and the concept of real science and application of scientific method. This paper concludes Daubert test needs to be restructured. The test for The admissibility test for scientific evidence can be comprised of internal standard and external standard. The internal standard examines relevancy, scientific validity and reliability. The external standard examines credibility of scientific experts.