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水稻抗瘟性分子标记辅助育种的实践和策略 被引量:8

Practice and Strategy of the Blast Resistance Breeding with Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding in Rice
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摘要 利用具有广谱和持久抗性的抗稻瘟病基因是控制稻瘟病的最有效途径之一。以‘广占63-4S’、‘扬稻6号’等为受体,通过杂交、回交和自交,并结合分子标记辅助选择培育出一批携带有Pi1和Pi2的育种材料。经自然病圃诱发鉴定,聚合Pi1和Pi2基因的品系在抗性表现上比受体品种有明显的改良,绝大多数品系或组合都达到了抗级水平。聚合抗性基因的品系或组合在宜昌望家病圃的病情较恩施病圃稍重。这些品系或组合在宜昌望家病圃的病情年际间有差异,其稻瘟病抗性是否有逐步减弱的可能还有待进一步监测。针对湖北稻区的具体情况,现阶段可以在抗病育种中利用Pi1、Pi2、Pi9和Pigm等广谱抗病基因,但同时还要挖掘新的广谱抗病基因,或聚合具有抗谱差异的主效基因以及在具有水平抗性的育种材料中导入主效基因。在抗性鉴定中,建议在宜昌望家病圃对育种材料进行初步筛选,其后将抗性材料在不同的病圃进行鉴定。 Utilization of the blast resistance genes withbroad-spectrum and durable resistanceis is an effective strategy to control the blast disease in rice. In the study, we developed breeding materials combining Pi1 and Pi2 by hybridization, backcross and selfing, which took ’Guangzhan 63-4 S’ and ’Yangdao 6’ as receptor, and combined with marker-assisted selection. Though the identify of the natural disease nursery induces, the pyramid lines with Pi1 and Pi2 were significant improvement than recipient varity in resisitant expressiom, most of the strains or combinations have reached the resistance level. The pyramid lines or combination were slightly heavier in the natural disease nursery of Yichang than those in Enshi. There’re also differences between different pyramid lines in response to rice blast in Yichang between years. Further monitor was needed for determining whether the resistance level will gradually decrease. Given the current situation of rice production in Hubei, we could use broad-spectrum resistance genes such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, and Pigm in the present breeding. We should also explore new broad-spectrum resistance genes, or pyramid the main genes with diverse spectrum, and introgress main gene to elite lines with horizontal resistance background. In the identification and evaluation of blast resistance, it was suggested that the lines should be screened preliminarily in the natural disease nursery of Yichang, and then the resistant lines could be identified in other natural disease nurseries.
作者 杜雪树 夏明元 李进波 戚华雄 Du Xueshu;Xia Mingyuan;Li Jinbo;Qi Huaxiong(Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064)
出处 《分子植物育种》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第13期4383-4389,共7页 Molecular Plant Breeding
基金 转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08001-001) 农业部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室作物重大病虫草害防控 湖北省重点实验室开放基金(2016ZTSJJ2)共同资助
关键词 水稻(Oryza SATIVA L.) 分子标记辅助选择 抗稻瘟病基因 抗性鉴定 Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Marker-assisted selection Blast resistance gene Resistance identification
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