基于表型和SSR标记的梅花种质资源遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis on Prunus mume Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers

为了提高梅花种质资源保存的效率和种质创新,本研究利用表型性状和SSR分子标记技术对11份梅花种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,11份种质资源表型性状具有丰富的变异类型,11个数量性状在群体间差异均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),品种内变异系数和品种间变异系数最大值均为核重(10.49%和103.56%),均值分别为6.26和26.16;遗传多样性指数(H’)的变幅为1.16~1.76,均值为1.44。24对SSR引物共检测到79个等位基因,平均为3.251 7,有效等位基因数在1.219 5~4.566 0之间,均值为2.537 3;香农信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(He)、观测杂合度(Ho)的变化分别为0.325 1~1.555 8、0.180 0~0.781 0、0.189 5~0.8182,均值分别为0.984 5、0.565 5、0.603 8;多态信息含量(PIC)值在0.163 8~0.745 1之间,均值为0.502 1;Q型聚类和基于UPGMA聚类的结果部分一致,遗传相似系数在0.445 8~0.807 2之间。综上看出,供试材料优良性状突出,遗传变异丰富,为新品种的选育提供帮助。

In order to enrich variety and inc rease the germplasm utilization rate of plum blossom, the genetic diversity of 11 Prunus mume germplasm resources was analyzed by using phenotypic traits and SSR molecular marker technique. The results showed that the phenotypic traits of 11 germplasm resources had abundant variation types, and the difference of 11 quantitative traits reached extremely significant level among groups(p<0.01). The largest number of internal variation coefficient and the coefficient of variation among varieties were both the kernel weight(10.49% and 103.56%), and the mean values were 6.26 and 26.16, respectively. The variation of genetic diversity index was 1.16~1.76, with a mean value of 1.44. 24 SSR primers detected 79 alleles with an average of 3.251 7, and the effective number of alleles was between 1.219 5~4.566 0, with a mean value of 2.537 3.The change of Shannon information index(I), expected heterozygosity(He) and observed heterozygosity(Ho)were 0.325 1~1.555 8, 0.180 0~0.781 0 and 0.189 5~0.818 2, respectively, with a mean value of 0.984 5, 0.565 5 and 0.603 8, respectively. Polymorphic information content(PIC) value was in 0.163 8~0.745 1, with the mean value of 0.502 1. Q clustering was partially consistent with the results based on UPGMA clustering, and the genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.445 8~0.807 2. In summary, the materials had outstanding traits and abundant genetic variation, which would be helpful for breeding new varieties.