家庭访视干预对人工髋关节置换术后患者关节功能和并发症的效果观察

Effect of home visit intervention on joint function and life ability of patients after hip arthroplasty

目的探讨家庭访视对人工髋关节置换术后患者的关节功能和并发症的影响。方法2017年1-12月收治的90例人工髋关节置换的患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各45例,对照组出院后实施常规护理,观察组实施家庭访视干预。评价2组出院后的自我护理能力、髋关节功能,比较2组并发症发生率。结果观察组出院后8、12、16周的自护能力评分分别为(102.23 ± 11.20)、(108.36 ± 10.41)、(116.25 ± 10.36)分,高于对照组的(97.86 ± 10.35)、(100.21 ± 14.26)、(104.23 ± 15.6)分,差异有统计学意义(t=1.922、3.097、4.294,P<0.05或0.01)。观察组出院后8、12、16周时的Harris评分分别为(82.31 ± 11.27)、(87.38 ± 10.05)、(95.10 ± 11.23)分,高于对照组的(78.02 ± 10.23)、(83.41 ± 11.74)、(89.43 ± 11.62)分,差异有统计学意义(t=1.891、1.723、2.343,P<0.05)。观察组出院16周时的并发症发生率为0,低于对照组的13.33%(6/45),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.429,P=0.011)。结论家庭访视干预能够提高人工髋关节术后患者的自我护理能力,促进髋关节功能,减少并发症。

Objective To observe the effect of home visit on joint function and complications of patients undergoing hip replacement. Methods Ninety cases of patients with artificial hip replacement who were admitted to our hospital from January to December 2017 were randomly divided into two groups by random Number Table Method.45 patients in the control group were given routine nursing after discharge, and 45 patients in the observation group were treated with home visit nursing. The hip function and living ability of the two groups were evaluated 8, 12, 16 weeks after discharge,and the complication rate was compared. Results The self-care ability scores of the observation group at 8, 12 and 16 weeks after discharge were 102.23±11.20, 108.36±10.41, 116.25±10.36 higher than those of the control group at 97.86±10.35), 100.21±14.26, 104.23±15.6, with significant differences (t=1.922, 3.097, 4.294, P < 0.05 or 0.01). The Harris scores of the observation group at 8, 12 and 16 weeks after discharge were 82.31±11.27, 87.38±10.05, 95.10±11.23 higher than those of the control group at 78.02±10.23, 83.41±11.74, 89.43±11.62, with significant differences (t=1.891, 1.723, 2.343, P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group at 16 weeks after discharge was 0 lower than 13.33%(6/45) in the control group (χ^2=6.429, P=0.011). Conclusions Home visit intervention can improve the self-nursing ability of the patients after hip joint operation, promote the recovery of hip function and life ability, and reduce the complications.