美国教师专业道德守则的演进轨迹、理论旨趣与政策启示

American Teachers Professional Ethics Codes: Development track, theoretical orientations and policy inspirations

美国教师专业道德守则分别由教育专业组织和教育行政部门制定。前者经历乔治亚州教师协会守则的"领先"、全国教育协会道德守则的"探索"和教育者道德模范守则的"出台"。后者先后遭遇专业"道德潮"和教育道德"大挑战"。这些守则以后果论、道义论及德性论等道德哲学作为理论依据,同时为我国师德规范相关政策改进带来四点启示:建立教师专业道德委员会、明确师德规范的理论依据、完善支撑师德规范的法律体系、迎接教育信息技术变革的挑战。

Professional organizations and departments of education contribute to American teachers professional ethics codes.The former experienced Georgia State Teachers Association code,National Education Association code and Model Code of Educator Ethics.The latter met the ethics boom of professions and ethical challenge of education.Consequentialism,deontology,virtue ethics are bases of codes.And policy inspirations are as follows:establishing committees on professional ethics;improving theoretical bases and legal system for teachers professional ethics codes;facing new challenges of information technology in education.