共享经济背景下平台企业利益关系演变研究

Research on the Evolution of Platform Enterprises’ Benefit Relationship in the Background of Sharing Economy

新技术、新经济的发展,使平台企业既面临机遇也面临挑战。一方面,平台共享使企业迅猛发展、社会福利持续增进、新技术模式不断涌现、公众以指数级的速度学习,使企业、社会与公众实现利益共享共赢。但另一方面,平台的技术垄断导致企业分工方式、生产组织形式和雇佣模式发生偏向平台资本的变化,而平台资本的快速扩张与平台垄断的若隐若现预示着平台企业利益关系显现出从共享到分化的趋势。以劳动过程理论的技术-分工-控制为研究脉络,发现算法垄断、平台分工、“平台-超外包”生产组织形式与二元化雇佣模式是导致平台企业利益关系显现出分化趋势的主要原因。针对平台企业的利益分化问题,在充分发挥平台经济促进经济发展优势的同时,应通过创新监管机制、强化平台企业社会责任等举措,避免平台企业利益分配失衡加剧,实现共享经济的均衡协调发展。

With the development of new technology and new economy,platform enterprises are facing both opportunities and challenges. On one hand,platform sharing enables the rapid development of enterprises,the continuous improvement of social welfare,the emergence of new technology models,and the public to learn at an exponential rate,so that enterprises,society and the public can achieve benefits and win-win. On the other hand,the technology monopoly of the platform leads to the change of the division of labor,the form of production organization and the mode of employment in favor of the platform capital. The rapid expansion of platform capital and the looming of platform monopoly indicate that the platform enterprise interest relationship shows a trend from sharing to differentiation. Taking the technology-division of labor-control as the research context of the theory of labor process,it is found that algorithmic monopoly,platform division,Super Outsourcing,dualistic employment pattern are the main reasons that lead to the differentiation trend of platform enterprise’s benefit relations. In the light of the issue of interest’s differentiation of platform enterprises,while giving full play to the advantages of platform economy to promote economic development,the government should adopt measures such as innovating supervision mechanism,strengthening platform corporate social responsibility and strengthening social security system construction to avoid the imbalance of interest distribution of platform enterprises and achieve balanced and coordinated development of the sharing economy.