英国文化马克思主义的理论特性与当代启示——以英国早期新左派的分析为中心

The Theoretical Characteristics and Contemporary Enlightenment of British Culture Marxism——Centered on the Analysis of the Early New Left in the UK

二战以后,英国马克思主义发展面临停滞,社会主义运动陷入困境。一些马克思主义理论家试图将英国文学批评方法与马克思主义相结合,从文化维度来展开对资本主义的批判。其基本理论主张是坚持文化的大众立场,宣扬工人阶级文化的正面价值;坚持人道主义的马克思主义,反对苏联正统马克思主义的经济决定论。这种理论阐释与法兰克福学派的文化批判具有明显不同,对当代中国马克思主义的发展具有借鉴意义。但其也存在明显的理论局限,过于重视文化的作用,而忽视了经济基础的根本作用,没有充分认识到历史唯物主义分析方法的重要价值。

After the Second World War,the development of British Marxism faced stagnation and the socialist movement was in trouble.Some Marxist theorists attempted to combine British literary criticism with Marxism and developed a critique of capitalism from the cultural dimension.The basic theoretical proposition is to uphold the popular position of culture,publicize the positive value of the working class culture,adhere to the humanitarian Marxism,and oppose the economic determinism of the Soviet orthodox Marxism.This kind of theoretical interpretation is obviously different from the cultural criticism of the Frankfurt School and has reference to the development of contemporary Chinese Marxism.However,it also has obvious theoretical limitations,which pays too much attention to the role of culture,and ignores the fundamental role of the economic foundation.Meanwhile,it does not fully recognize the important value of historical materialism analysis methods.