德性伦理学的基本特征及其与道义论、功利论伦理学的根本区别

The Basic Characteristics of Virtue Ethics and Its Fundamental Differences with Deontology and Utilitarianism

德性伦理学以行为者为中心,而道义论和功利论伦理学以行为为中心。以行为者为中心,不能不涉及人的道德心理(动机、欲望、情感、品格等),并且将德性作为其理论的基本概念;以行为为中心,以康德为代表的道义论将普遍法则和义务置于其中心,功利论将功利置于其中心。道义论与功利论也有其德性论,但在其理论中都处于从属性地位,康德道义论的德性论体现的是履行义务的力量,而密尔的德性论既上承边沁,也受到斯多亚派和基督教道德观的影响。

Virtue ethics takes the agent as the center, while deontology and utilitarianism take the action as the center,The agent as the center, Virtue ethics has no choice but to be concerned to people's Moral Psychology (motivation, desire, emotion, character, etc.), withvirtue as its basic concept;action as the center, represented by Kant deontology which takes universal principles and obligations in its center, the utilitarianism puts utility in its center. Deontology and utilitarianism have their theories of virtue, but in its theory are subordinate, Kant's deontology's theory of virtue is the embodiment of the obligations and so that the virtue is the power.While Mill inherits Ben tham and is affected by the stoic and Christian ethics.