如何化解文化保守主义与现代主义之间的冲突

How to Resolve the Conflict between Cultural Conservatism and Modernism——From the Perspective of Answering the Question of Modernity

无论是现代主义还是保守主义都是要解决现代性的问题的。在保守主义看来,现代性不断冲击和否定现代社会的秩序,保守主义努力维持这个秩序;而现代主义认为现代社会中的那种理性的秩序否定了人的自由和个性,它不断地挑战这个秩序。现代主义对于秩序的挑战是资本主义现代化发展的要求,是资本主义政治经济制度不断变革的一种反映。现代主义文化的缺点是它走向了后现代主义和虚无主义。而保守主义却把新教伦理基础上所确立的资本主义基本制度看作是理所当然的,而不对它进行反思和批判。解决这里所出现的冲突的方法不是要放弃启蒙的理性原则,而是要从辩证法的角度反思工具理性,重构理性的原则,这样我们才能纠正虚无主义以及保守主义中所出现的偏差。

Both modernism and conservatism aim to solve the problem of modernity. For the conservatism, modernity constantly shocks and negates the order of modern society, so it wants to keep the order;while modernism thinks that the rational order of modern society negates freedom and personality of human being. It constantly challenges the order. The challenge of modernism to the order is what the capitalist modernization needs, it reflects the constant reformation of capitalist political and economic constitution. The weak point of modernist culture is that it goes to nihilism. Although conservatism emphases the faith in the sacred, it takes the capitalist constitution which was established on the protestant ethics as certain, and does not reflect and criticize it. The way to resolve the conflict here is not to forsake the reasonable principle of enlightenment, but to rectify the deflection which happens in nihilism and conservatism. The faith in the sacred should be turned into the belief in truth on the bases of communicative reason, so as to rectify the mistake of nihilism. We should constant reform and establish our social norms, so as to maintain the social order.