“先豰,字彘子”辨误——兼论名字训诂法的合理运用

Distinguishing the Mistake in “Xian Hu,the First Word Zhi Zi”:On the Rational Use of Name Exegetics

《左传·宣公十二年》称“先縠(hú)”为彘子,未明其源。汉代服虔、西晋杜预、唐代孔颖达、宋代王应麟只谓先縠又名彘子,也没有作出解释。直到明代冯梦龙《新列国志》方才首次提出“先縠,字彘子”,清代段玉裁、朱骏声、桂馥等学者亦持此说,并进一步认为古人名字相应,“先縠”当作“先豰”。经过考证文献记载和分析《左传》称谓,我们发现“彘子”并非先縠之字,而是尊称。同时,“先縠”之“縠”也不与“豰”字通假,《左传》记载不误。段氏等人运用名字训诂法解释文字假借,没有深入考察其源流,因此谬说。

In Zuo Zhuan Xuan Gong the twelve years,it is said that“Xian Hu”is Zhi Zi,but it does not explain why.Fu Qin in the Han Dynasty,Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty,Kong Yingda in the Tang Dynasty,and Wang Yinglin in the Song Dynasty only said that they were called“Zhi Zi”,and did not make any explanation.It was not until the Ming Dynasty that Feng Menglong’s Xin Lie Guo Zhi(Records of the New States)put forward just for the first time the idea of“Zhi Zi,the first word of the Xian Hu”.Duan Yucai,Zhu Junsheng,Gui Fu and other scholars in the Qing Dynasty also agreed with this view,and further believed that the ancient names and characters served as reference.After textual research and analysis of the title of Zuo Zhuan,we find that“Zhi Zi”is not the first word,but his honorific title.At the same time,the word“Hu”(縠)in“Xian Hu”is not the borrowing word of“hu”(豰),which is recorded correctly in Zuo Zhuan.Duan Shi and others used the method of name exegesis to explain the borrowing of words.They did not go deep into the source,so they made a mistake.