泊松分布与概率论的发展——西蒙·丹尼尔·泊松

Poisson distribution and the development of probability theory: Siméon Denis Poisson

西蒙·丹尼尔·泊松(Siméon Denis Poisson,1781-1840)是法国著名的数学家、物理学家以及统计学理论奠基人。他通过刑事审判案例建立泊松分布模型,使自然科学和社会科学的诸多随机现象得以解惑。此外,他引入了出生统计与泊松推理理论、拉普拉斯定理与误差理论以及大数定律和判断概率等相关理论,推动了19世纪概率论的发展,开辟了物理学由实验研究转向理论研究的新风向。

Siméon Denis Poisson( 1781-1840) was a famous French mathematician,physicist and founder of statistical theory. He established the Poisson distribution model through the criminal trial cases and solved many random phenomena in natural science and social science. He also introduced birth statistics,Poisson’s inference theory,Laplace’s theorem and error theory,law of large numbers and judgment probability and other related theories. Poisson promoted the development of probability theory in the 19th century and opened up a new trend of physics from experimental research to theoretical research.