我国动脉粥样硬化基础研究几个热点领域的新进展

Novel progress in the basic research on atherogenesis by domestic investigators

动脉粥样硬化(As)是一种好发于大、中等动脉的由多因素导致的复杂的血管壁慢性病变。其病理特征包括脂质蓄积、平滑肌细胞迁移入内膜并增殖、炎性细胞浸润、胶原沉积、斑块形成等。越来越多的证据表明,NLRP3炎症小体、细胞焦亡、外泌体、肠道菌群、外周血管脂肪组织、非编码RNA等与As的发生发展紧密联系在一起,并成为目前的研究热点。对上述因素在As发生发展中的作用的深入研究将有助于进一步理解As的发生机制及寻找新的有效治疗途径和生物标记物。文章对近两年来中国学者围绕上述方面进行的As基础研究进展作一综述。

Atherosclerosis is a complex, chronic disease caused by multiple factors, which is characterized by lipid accumulation, smooth muscle cell migration into the intima and proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and plaque formation in the vessel wall of large-and medium-sized arteries. A growing body of evidence suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, exosomes, gut microbiota, peripheral vascular adipose tissue(PVAT), non-coding RNA and so forth are closely associated with the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Studying the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and other factors in the development of atherosclerosis will help to further understand the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and find new more effective therapeutic pathways and biomarkers. This review will summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, exosomes, gut microbiota, PVAT, non-coding RNA in atherosclerosis development, specifically concentrating on the latest research progresses of Chinese scholars in the past two years.