莫里森笔下城市新黑人的转型焦虑

Black Migrants’ Anxiety over Transition in Urban Areas in Toni Morrison’s Works

莫里森总是将历史真实和诗意虚构融合在一起,从而彰显历史的多元化阐释视角。本文立足于其作品的历史解读,探索美国城市黑人移民的转型焦虑及其文化根源:《最蓝的眼睛》中的三位沉沦女性嬉笑怒骂却笑中带泪,她们与民间英雄迪林杰等人的个体历史具有同构性,讽刺了以胡佛联邦调查局为代表的官方意识形态;《所罗门之歌》中的派拉特是单身母亲,折射了新黑人单亲家庭普遍存在的美国社会现实;《爵士乐》中的种族暴动是白人至上主义者对新黑人的政治清洗,其中的暴力行为尤其对黑人孩子造成创伤,使他们的成长之路困难重重。通过对黑人风尘女子、黑人单亲家庭和黑人儿童创伤的特别关注,莫里森揭示了城市新黑人的转型焦虑。

Toni Morrison is keen on combining historical authenticity and poetic fictionality to show multiple interpretations of American politics.This paper provides historical events associated with her works to expose reasons for migrant blacks'spiritual crises in the city.First,John Dillinger's individual history is praised and Edgar Hoover5s FBI ideology is criticized to reveal that the three oppressed black prostitutes in The Bluest Eye are living in laughter and tears.Second,historical causes are explored to indicate why Pilate,a single mother in Song of Solomon,is a representative of one-parent families ubiquitous among black Americans.Third,the white supremacists'political cleansing of new blacks resulted in 1917 East St.Louis Race Riot described in Jazz,in which black children sufler psychological trauma and their development is heavily affected.Thus,Toni Morrison shows black migrants'unusual experiences in urban areas and their anxiety over transition by depicting the marginalized groups like black prostitutes,single-parent families and traumatized children.