阿列克谢耶维奇纪实作品主人公的身份认同危机

Identity Crisis of the Protagonists in Alexievich’s Documentary Works

主人公的身份认同问题是诺奖作家斯维特兰娜·阿列克谢耶维奇纪实创作的核心主题之一,但目前国内学界对此鲜有涉及。本文将详细分析《战争的非女性面孔》中苏联女兵基于性别的身份悖论、《锌皮娃娃兵》中由非正义战争所导致的锌皮娃娃兵身份困境以及《二手时代》中被上升到民族国家层面的“红色人"的身份危机,借以阐述作家对不同受难者群体身份认同危机的关注。尽管不同群体身份认同危机的缘由、表征、后果不尽相同,但均与其在权力政治体系中相对弱势的地位有直接关系。作家以口述实录的写作方式将弱势群体的身份认同危机直观地展现在世人面前,呼吁社会给予关注,这使其纪实文学作品表现出强烈的人道主义关怀。

Identity of the protagonists has been one of the most important themes in Nobel Prize-winning writer Svetlana Alexievich's documentary works,which,however,is seldom researched by Chinese scholars.Based on the identity theory and by describing in detail the gender-based identity paradox of the female soldiers in War's Unwomanly Face,the identity dilemma of young soldiers caused by unjust war in Ziriky Boys and the identity crisis of former Soviet citizens in Second-hand Time at the level of nation-state,this article expounds the writer's concern about the identity crises of different groups of victims.Despite different causes,representations and consequences,all of the crises are directly related to their relatively inferior positions in the realpolitik system.In the form of dictation,the writer presents the problem of identity crises to the public and calls on the whole society to pay attention to it,which makes her documentary works full of deep humanitarian care.