公共体育设施绩效评估的英国经验与中国镜鉴

Lessons from British Experience in Performance Evaluation of Public Sports Facilities for China

National Benchmarking Service(NBS)是当代英国最重要的公共体育设施绩效评估系统,基于设计的科学性与过程的专业性,其评估结果在英国公共体育服务领域深受各方认可。以NBS为研究对象,采用文献资料法、案例分析法全面梳理其演化过程并着重解析其运行现状,以期为完善我国公共体育设施绩效评估模式探寻路径。过程梳理发现:新公共管理运动的影响下,成熟于私营部门的诸多做法逐步引入到英国公共体育服务领域,效率追求与质量优位融合为英国公共体育设施绩效评估维度与指标选择提供了依据,标杆管理与最佳实践为英国公共体育设施绩效评估丰富了工具选择,顶层驱动与现实缺陷迫使英国公共体育设施绩效评估开始了自我完善。现状解析得出:NBS在Sport England主导下由不同性质的专业组织共同运营;标杆对照类别依照设施类型、区域特点、设施规模及管理方式进行划分;指标体系涵盖可获得性、财务、利用率、服务质量等维度;反馈报告内容以各项指标得分与结果对照为主,也包含差距分析与改进建议。NBS模式推动了英国公共体育服务质量整体提升,但自身还存在工具选择有待丰富、指标体系有待扩展的局限。为切实解决我国公共体育设施规模缺口与服务缺陷并存、管理能力与绩效意识有待提升的现实困境,借鉴NBS经验得失,提出公共体育设施绩效评估模式的实现路径:完善法律保障做好顶层设计;培育第三方评估推进多元合作;完善流程设计与工具选择实现持续改进。

National Benchmarking Service (NBS) is the most important performance evaluation system of public sports facilities in contemporary Britain. Based on the scientificity of design and the professionalism of process,its evaluation results are widely recognized in the field of public sports services in Britain. Taking NBS as the research object,this paper combs its evolution process and emphatically analyzes its operation status by using literature and case analysis methods,in order to find a way to improve the performance evaluation model of public sports facilities in China. The paper finds that under the influence of the new public management movement,many practices that have been mature in the private sector have been gradually introduced into the British public service. The integration of efficiency and quality provides a basis for performance evaluation. Benchmarking and best practice enrich the choice of tools for the performance evaluation of British public sports facilities. Top-level driving and practical defects force the performance evaluation of British public sports facilities to start self-improvement. The analysis of the current situation shows that NBS is operated by professional organizations of different nature under the leadership of Sport England;the benchmarking category is divided according to facility type,regional characteristics,facility scale and management mode;the index system covers such dimensions as availability,finance,utilization and service quality;and the content of the feedback report is mainly to compare the scores of each index with the results,and includes gap analysis and suggestions for improvement. The NBS model promotes the overall improvement of public sports service quality in Britain,but it has limitations in the choice of tools to be enriched and the index system to be expanded. In order to effectively solve the practical dilemma of the coexistence of scale gap and service deficiency,management ability and performance awareness of public sports facilities in China,this paper draws lessons from the experience of NBS,and puts forward the ways to realize the performance evaluation model of public sports facilities: perfect legal guarantee and do top-level design well;foster third-party evaluation and promote multi-cooperation;and improve process design and tool selection to achieve continuous improvement.