泌尿系结石患者的结石成分、疼痛特点及护理对策分析

Analysis of stone composition, pain characteristics and nursing strategies in patients with urinary calculi

目的分析泌尿系结石患者的结石成分、疼痛特点及护理干预措施.方法选取2014年8月~2016年7月该院泌尿系结石伴疼痛患者450例随机分为对照组和观察组,各225例.两组患者均给予结石成分分析并给予基础护理,观察组在基础护理基础上给予全方位护理干预,包括全面评估疼痛、病房环境、采用物理方法缓解疼痛、多饮水、根据结石成分分析结构给予相应饮食指导、心理干预等.统计泌尿系结石成分分析结果,并对比两组患者疼痛缓解时间分布特点.结果两组共450例患者中,经结石成分分析显示,370例属于含钙结石(82.22%),均含有草酸钙;290例为混合性结石(64.44%).观察组患者疼痛缓解时间<2h和2~6h的比例和对照组比较显著较高,疼痛缓解时间在6~12h和>12h的比例和对照组比较显著较低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论对泌尿系结石患者给予结石成分分析,并给予全方位有效的护理干预,可以明显缩短疼痛缓解时间,提高患者的生活质量.

Objective To analysis the stone composition, pain characteristics and nursing strategies in patients with urinary calculi. Methods From August 2014 to July 2016, 450 patients with urinary calculi accompanied by pain in this hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 225 cases of each group. Two groups of patients were given stone composition analysis and basic care. The observation group was given all-round nursing intervention on the basis of basic nursing, including comprehensive assessment of pain, ward environment, physical method to relieve pain, more water. According to the composition of store analysis structure to give corresponding di-etary guidance, psychological intervention, etc. The results of urinary calculus composition analysis were analyzed, and the characteristics of pain relief time distribution in the two groups were compared. Results Among the 450 pa-tients in the two groups, the analysis of stone composition showed that 370 patients were calcium-containing stones (82. 22%), both containing calcium oxalate. 290 cases of mixed calculi (64. 44%). The proportion of patients in the observation group with pain relief time<2 h and 2~6 h were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the proportion of patients with pain relief time between 6~12 h and >12 h were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ). Conclusion In patients with urinary calculi, stone composition analysis and comprehensive effective nursing intervention can significantly shorten the pain relief time and improve the quality of life of patients.