中国制造业布局特征及空间重塑

China's Manufacturing Layout Characteristics and Spatial Remodeling

制造业布局的合理性影响经济和社会发展全局。现阶段我国制造业布局的基本特征有:"胡焕庸线"两侧制造业布局形成明显的产业梯度,东南半壁呈"马太效应"的空间极化模式;经济地理格局开始由Krugman的"从分散到集聚"范式向Helpman的"从集聚到分散"范式转换,但产业转移和产业创新的动力不足,东北地区制造业发展衰退趋势明显;地区间产业专业化水平逐渐提升,不同产业在空间上开始分离,但依然存在较为明显的产业结构趋同现象。建构一个有效的协调和制衡机制、寻求政府与市场的结合是推进制造业布局合理化的合理逻辑。实现制造业布局合理化的实践策略在于:突破"胡焕庸线",实现地区产业均衡发展;形成产业的空间移动,显现比较优势;促成区域产业分工与协作,推动产业一体化发展。除此之外,东部率先创新引领、中部崛起发挥优势、西部开发强化举措、东北振兴深化改革,是制造业布局空间重塑的策略重点。

The rationality of manufacturing layout affects the overall situation of economic and social development.At present,the basic characteristics of China's manufacturing industry layout are:the manufacturing layout on both sides of the"Hu Huan-yong Line"has formed an obvious industrial gradient,and the southeast half of the wall has a spatial polarization pattern of"Matthew effect";the economic geography pattern starts transferring from Krugman’s"dispersion to agglomeration"paradigm to Helpman’s"agglomeration to decentralization"paradigm,but the incentives for industrial transfer and industrial innovation are insufficient.The manufacturing industry in Northeast China has an obvious declining trend.The level of industrial specialization between regions has gradually increased,and different industries have begun to separate in space,but there is still a relatively obvious phenomenon of industrial structure convergence.Constructing an effective coordination and balancing mechanism and seeking a combination of government and market are reasonable logics to promote the rationalization of the manufacturing layout.The practical strategy for realizing the rationalization of manufacturing layout is to break through the"Hu Huan-yong line"and achieve balanced development of regional industries,form spatial movement of industry and show comparative advantages,promote regional industrial division of labor and cooperation,and promote industrial integration development.In addition,the leadership of eastern region in innovation,the rise of the central region to play its advantages,the strengthening measures for the development of the western region,and the deepening reform of the revitalization of the northeast region are the strategic focus in the reshaping of the manufacturing layout space.