珍稀濒危土家族药胡豆莲的人工繁殖研究

Study on the Artificial Propagation of the Rare and Endangered Tujia Ethnic Medicine Euchresta japonica

目的为了保护珍稀濒危的土家族药胡豆莲药材资源,开展胡豆莲的人工繁殖研究。方法采用种子繁育和扦插繁育进行胡豆莲的人工育苗研究,运用人工配制基质模拟野生环境条件栽培胡豆莲,研究不同基质配比对胡豆莲栽培成活率的影响。结果使用刚成熟的胡豆莲种子进行人工育苗,种子发芽率可达100%。不同浓度NAA和IBA都能显著促进胡豆莲的扦插生根和提高扦插的成活率,其中效果最好的处理为50μg/L NAA+50μg/L IBA组合,扦插成活率高达86.7%。采用配方为椰糠:黄壤:河砂:有机肥=5:3:1:0.5(体积比)的基质栽培效果最好,胡豆莲苗一年成活率和二年成活率较高,均为93.3%。结论胡豆莲的人工繁殖可以较好地解决胡豆莲繁殖力低下及药材资源匮乏问题,有利于保护珍稀濒危的野生胡豆莲资源。

Objective To protect the rare and endangered Tujia ethnic medicinal materials resources of Euchresta japonica, and to carry out the artificial propagation research of Euchresta japonica. Methods Seed breeding and cuttage breeding were used to study the artificial propagation cultivation of Euchresta japonica, and the artificial substrates were used to simulate the wild environment conditions to cultivate Euchresta japonica, and the effects of different substrates on the survival rate of Euchresta japonica were studied. Results The germination rate could reach to 100% by artificial seeding with fresh seeds. Different concentrations of NAA and IBA could significantly promote the cuttage rooting and improve the survival rate of cuttage. The best treatment was the combination of 50 μg/L NAA+50 μg/L IBA, and the cutting survival rate was as high as 86.7%. Coconut bran:yellow soil:river sand:organic fertilizer=5:3:1:0.5 (volume ratio) was the best substrate for cultivation, and the one-year survival rate and two-year survival rate of Euchresta japonica seedlings were high of 93.3%. Conclusion Artificial propagation of Euchresta japonica can solve the problem of low fecundity of Euchresta japonica and the shortage of medicinal materials, and protect the rare and endangered wild Euchresta japonica resources.