全球就业市场:结构新变化、新问题与新工业革命机遇

Global Job Market: New Structural Changes, New Issues and New Industrial Revolution Opportunities

2008年国际金融危机后,就业成为全球经济治理的重大问题和各国制定宏观经济政策的首选目标,“未来就业”也成为2018年G20峰会三大议题之一。随着信息技术的发展和劳动力国际化,全球就业市场格局已发生重要变化:就业的产业分布从农业和工业转向服务业;就业的技能结构出现两极分化,中等技能工作的数量相对减少;就业的性别结构中,服务业成为女性就业的主要选择;就业模式出现从标准就业向非标准就业转变等新现象。第四次工业革命将对全球劳动力市场带来新挑战,同时也将带来重大机遇,国际社会和各国政府应携手共同应对。

After the 2008 financial crisis, employment has become a major issue in global economic governance and a top priority for countries to formulate macroeconomic policies.“Future Employment” has also become one of the three major topics of the G20 in Argentina in 2018. With the development of information technology and the internationalization of labor force, there have a lot of Important changes in the global employment market: The industrial distribution of employment shifted from agriculture and industry to service industry;The skill structure of employment is polarized, and the number of medium-skilled jobs is relatively declined;In the gender structure of employment, the service industry has become the main choice of female employment;The employment pattern is changing from standard to non-standard. The fourth industrial revolution will bring new challenges and major opportunities to the global labor market, and the international community and governments should work together.