论阿斯塔菲耶夫小说创作的体裁意识

On the Problem of Genre Consciousness in V. P. Astafiev’s Fiction Writings

《牧童与牧女》、《鱼王》、《最后的致敬》是阿斯塔菲耶夫小说创作的巅峰之作。在这三部作品中作家都使用了一个副标题来界定小说的体裁,它们分别是:“现代田园牧歌”、“寓于系列短篇的叙述”和“寓于系列短篇的中篇小说”。通过分析梳理上述作品的创作经历、作品结构和小说主旨,我们不难发现,阿斯塔菲耶夫在写作过程中不断地对体裁形式进行探索并加以“陌生化”处理,逐渐找到一个最适合自己文学风格的写作方式,成为阿斯塔菲耶夫小说体裁的一大特色。这些体裁形式并非只有形式方面的意义,它们还承担着揭示作品主旨、引导读者阅读期待的重要功能,因此在译介过程中不应当被忽视。

The Shepherd and Shepherdess, King Fish and The Last Bow were the climax of Astafiev's composing career of novels. In the three works, the writer uses subtitles to identify the genres of the novels: modem pastoral, narration in short stories and novelettein short stories. By analyzing the composing experiences, structures and themes of the above works, we can easily figure out that Astafiev kept on exploring and defamiliarizing the genres and gradually found his own way to a writing style that fit his works most, which became a typical characteristic of his novels. These genres not only have significance in form but also serve the functions of revealing the themes and suspending the readers, which should not be neglected in translation.