《切尔诺贝利的悲鸣》中的废墟意象

The Image of the Ruins in the Novel Voices from Chernobyl

白俄罗斯作家C.A.阿列克谢耶维奇在口述小说《切尔诺贝利的悲鸣》一书中记录了众多幸存者对切尔诺贝利事件的描述与反思,被核灾难变成废墟的家园是叙述者回忆的重要内容之一,因此废墟意象在小说中反复出现,成为该书的一个重要线索与象征。除了物理空间中具有悬置性和审美性的废墟,切尔诺贝利人心中还有两座名为“切尔诺贝利”和“苏联”的精神废墟,他们不仅在现实中流离失所,在精神上也无法实现自己的身份认同。本文试图通过文本细读的方式,揭示出废墟的两种层次,以及作者通过独特创作手段表达出的个人立场与情感指向。

Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich recorded the memories and introspections of witnesses in her oral novel Voices from Chernobyl. The narrators in this book recollected thier homeland, which has become ruins, and the image of ruins appears repeatedly and becomes one of the most important clues and symbols. Except for the ruins in physical space, which is suspended and aesthetically accepted, there are two spiritual ruins in the heart of the narrators called "Chemobyr" and "Soviet Union", the people of Chernobyl become destitute and homeless not only in the real world, but in the mental world. With the method of intensive reading, this article reveals two levels of ruins, personal position and emotional tendency of the writer.