气候变化下大兴安岭地区鹤类潜在分布及优先保护区

Potential habitat and priority protection area of cranes with climate change in the Great Xing’an Mountains, China

为了解气候变化对大兴安岭地区鹤类潜在分布的影响,促进其有效保护,本文以大兴安岭地区6种鹤为研究对象,基于Pearson相关性分析和Jackknife分析,筛选气候、地形和植被类型等关键环境因子,采用MaxEnt模型模拟了当前和未来两种气候变化情景(RCP4.5和8.5)下6种鹤的潜在分布区域,通过Zonation和ArcGIS软件确定了其优先保护区域并分析了目标优先保护区域.结果表明:当前气候条件下,6种鹤的潜在适宜生境集中分布于大兴安岭中部和西北部;RCP4.5和RCP8.5气候情景下,6种鹤的高适宜生境将缩减.白头鹤、丹顶鹤、白枕鹤、灰鹤和蓑羽鹤的潜在适宜生境整体呈缩减趋势,而白鹤的潜在适宜生境将比当前扩张5.4%~6.3%;当前及未来气候条件下,6种鹤的优先保护区域主要分布于大兴安岭的西北部、东南部以及中部偏西地区,目标优先保护区域的保护率达20.1%~23.8%,保护空缺主要分布于漠河县西部、额尔古纳市中部偏北地区、根河市中东部、牙克石市东北部和鄂伦春自治旗南部,建议适当增加保护地面积,为鹤类的有效保护提供保障.

To clarify the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of six crane species in the Great Xing’an Mountains region, and promote the effective protection of these species, we selected key environmental variables such as climate, topography, and vegetation type based on Pearson correlation and Jackknife analysis, and modeled the potential distribution of six crane species in the Great Xing’an Mountains using MaxEnt with the current and the future climate change scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We identified the priority protection areas(PPAs) and the target PPAs by zonation and ArcGIS. The results showed that with the current climate condition, the sui-table habitats of these species were mainly distributed in the central and the northwest part of the Great Xing’an Mountains. With RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the suitable habitats of Grus monacha, Grus japonensis, Grus vipio, Grus grus and Anthropoides virgo would decrease, while that of Grus leucogeranus would expand by 5.4%-6.3%. With current and the future climate change scenarios, the PPAs of these species were mainly distributed in the northwest, southeast and west-central parts of the Great Xing’an Mountains. The protect rate could reach about 20.1%-23.8% of the target PPAs conserved by protected areas(PAs). The protection gaps were mainly distributed in the west of Mohe County, the north-central of Ergun, the central and east of Genhe, the northeast of Yakeshi, and the south of Oroqen Autonomous Banner. We proposed to expand PAs to provide a strong guarantee for the effective protection of cranes species.