甲醛短期经口暴露致大鼠血清生化指标改变和肝肾胃急性损伤效应研究

Changes of serum biochemical indexes and acute injury in liver,kidney and stomach in rats caused by short-term oral exposure of formaldehyde

目的探讨甲醛短期经口暴露对大鼠血清生化指标和肝、肾、胃组织的影响。方法将80只健康成年SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照(去离子水)组和15、45、135 mg/kg甲醛染毒组,每组20只,雌雄各半。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为10 ml/kg,每天1次,连续28 d。于染毒14、28 d,每组选择10只大鼠,检查血清血生化指标[包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)]水平,观察肝、肾、胃病理学变化情况。结果染毒14 d后,各甲醛染毒组大鼠血清ALT、AST、BUN、TP、ALB的水平与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。染毒28 d后,与对照组相比,45 mg/kg甲醛染毒组雄性大鼠血清ALT的浓度升高,45、135 mg/kg甲醛染毒组雌性大鼠血清中ALT和AST水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各浓度甲醛染毒组大鼠血清BUN、TP及ALB水平均无明显改变。染毒14 d时,45mg/kg甲醛染毒组雄性大鼠、135 mg/kg甲醛染毒组雄性及雌性大鼠前胃上皮增生和角化过度现象明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大鼠短期经口摄入甲醛能够引起消化系统损伤。

Objective To understand the effects of short-term oral exposure of formaldehyde on serum biochemical indexes,liver,kidney and stomach in rats. Methods A total of 80 healthy Wistar rats,half male and half female,were randomly divided into four groups(one control group and three exposure groups). The rats were treated with formaldehyde solution at the doses of 15,45 and 135 mg/kg body weight,through gavage(10 ml/kg body weight),once a day,for 28 consecutive days,and the control group was treated with deionized water. After 14 and 28 days of treatment,10 rats in each group were collected to detect serum blood biochemical indicators,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),the levels of total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB),and the pathological examination was performed for liver,kidney and stomach. Results After 14 days of exposure,no significant changes were observed in the levels of serum ALT,AST,BUN,TP and ALB in exposure groups compared with the control group(P>0.05). After 28 days of exposure,compared with the control group,the levels of ALT was increased in male rats of 45 mg/kg exposure group,and levels of ALT and AST decreased obviously in female rats of 45 and 135 mg/kg exposure groups(P<0.05);No significant changes were observed in the levels of BUN,TP and ALB in formaldehyde exposure groups.After 14 days of exposure,the significant hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the fore stomach were observed in male rats of 45 mg/kg exposure group,and male and female rats of 135 mg/kg exposure groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term oral exposure to formaldehyde can cause the digestive system damage in rats.