暴力与节庆——16世纪法国城市街道空间的仪式性意义

Violence and Celebration:The Ritualistic Meanings of the Urban Street Space in the Sixteenth-Century France

在16世纪的法国社会中,街道空间就如河流一样,成为了屠杀暴行发生的重要场所。作为圣巴托罗缪屠杀中"宣示暴行"的公共性空间,这一时期的街道同时具有"节庆"与"暴力"的二元属性,从而与同样带有循环时间观念特点的节庆日共同构成了一个联系紧密的时空架构。街道空间所展现的世俗-宗教二元性,特别是它在暴力事件中所展现的内涵与表征,都表明在这样一个仍在从中世纪向近代转型、从而尚未真正产生"现代性"的社会中,宗教的原有性质仍然维持着其巨大的惯性。这个时空架构不仅阐释了这一时期暴力事件的内在发展机理,亦反映了欧洲近代早期宗教在公共空间的肆意扩展。街道空间的内涵与表征本身即表现了这一时期民众对于秩序更替的渴望,是这一时期社会变革的重要基础性架构。

In the sixteenth-century French society,the space of streets had become the important locus of massacres.As the public space of"violence demonstration"in the Saint-Barthelemy massacre,the streets with the characteristics of"celebration"and"violence"at the same time in this era formed a cohesive space-time framework together with the festivals,which were marked by the idea of circular time in the same way.Such a space-time framework did not only show the intrinsic development mechanism of the violent incidents,but also reflected the unlimitedly expanding of religion in public space in the early modern society of Europe.The connotation and characterization of the street space manifested the desire of the populace for order replacement,and had become the important basic frame of social reforms in this era.