苯二氮■类药物:获益、风险、合理使用

Benzodiazepines:benefits,risks and rational drug use

苯二氮类药物(Benzodiazepines,BZDs)在临床上被广泛使用,具有抗焦虑、镇静催眠、抗惊厥、肌肉松弛和诱导麻醉的作用,不合理的使用会产生认知功能损害、记忆损害、跌倒、骨折、增加交通事故的发生、痴呆、死亡,及依赖或滥用等风险。尽管指南建议BZDs不作为治疗失眠与焦虑症的首选药物,并且只能在短期内使用,但是此类药物仍被长期使用,尤其是老年人。本文对BZDs的特性、用药获益、用药风险、长期使用的情况进行综述,旨在促进此类药物在临床中的合理使用,减少用药风险。

Benzodiazepines(BZDs)are widely prescribed around the world to treat anxiolytic,sedative,anticonvulsant,muscle-relaxant and anesthesia induction.Inappropriate use can induce potential adverse effects include cognitive decline,memory impairment,falls,fractures,increased risk of traffic accidents,dementia,mortality,and dependence or abuse.Guidelines suggest that if these drugs are prescribed,they should not the first choice for treating insomnia and anxiety,and should only be used short term.However,research indicates that they are often prescribed long term.Despite the risks,use of these drugs is particularly common in older people.This article reviews the properties,benefits,risks and long-term use of BZDs,in order to promote the rational use of BZDs in clinical practice,and reduce the risks of drug use.