控释尿素追施量对冬小麦产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响

Effects of Controlled Release Urea Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Partial Factor Productivity of Winter Wheat

在田间试验条件下,研究了不同控释尿素追施量对冬小麦产量和氮肥偏生产力的影响,以期为控释尿素在小麦生产中的合理施用量提供技术支撑。试验共设6个处理,分别为CK(追施普通尿素,施氮量180kg/hm^2)、T1(不追肥)、T2、T3、T4、T5(追施控释尿素,施氮量分别为45、90、135、180kg/hm^2)。结果表明:与返青期追施普通尿素相比较,追施控释尿素可以减少小麦拔节期无效分蘖,提高成熟期的成穗率,其中T4和T5处理成熟期总茎数分别提高20.04%和10.30%。在一定范围内,随着控释尿素施用量的增加,成熟期干物质在穗部的分配比例、产量和效益均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而氮肥偏生产力随着控释尿素施用量的增加呈现逐渐下降的趋势;T4处理获得最高的籽粒产量和经济效益,氮肥偏生产力显著高于追施普通尿素处理。综上所述,返青期追施控释尿素,施氮量135kg/hm^2是本试验条件下小麦高产、高效的最优处理。

A field experiment was conducted to study the impacts of different controlled release urea application rates on yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat, which could provide references for reasonable application of release urea in wheat production. There were six treatments with different topdressing nitrogen rates at revival stage, as CK general urea at 180 kg/hm^2 N, T1 with no topdressing urea, T2 with controlled release urea at 45 kg/hm^2 N, T3 with controlled release urea at 90 kg/hm^2 N, T4 with controlled release urea at 135 kg/hm^2 N, T5 with controlled release urea at 180 kg/hm^2 N. The results indicated that, compared with the application of general urea, applying controlled release urea decreased ineffective tillers at jointing stage and increased effective spike rate at maturity stage, and the total tillers at maturity stage in T4 and T5 increased by 20.04% and 10.30%, respectively. In a certain range, with the increase of controlled release urea rates, the dry matter distribution ratio in spike, grain yield and production benefit showed a trend of firsly rising and then declining, however, the nitrogen partial factor productivity was gradually decreased. The grain yield and production benefit in T4 treatment were the highest, and its nitrogen partial factor productivity was significantly higher than that in general urea treatment. In conclusion, applying 135 kg/hm^2 N with controlled release urea at revival stage was the best nitrogen management with both high yield and high efficiency under the condition of this research.