北京市设施蔬菜园区轻简化生产现状分析

Current Situation Analysis of Light and Simplified Production in Greenhouse Vegetable Gardens in Beijing

采用现场访问和填写问卷的方式,随机选取北京市设施蔬菜种植面积较大的 5 个区中 20 家园区,调研蔬菜生产现状及轻简化技术(设备)应用需求。结果表明,北京市设施蔬菜园区工人年龄> 50 岁的平均占比为 78.3%,老龄化趋势明显;工人工资为每人每天 80~120 元的有 14 家,占比为 70%,劳动力成本较高;施肥量和灌水量 95%以上凭经验确定,水肥管理粗放;园区轻简化指数介于 0.31~0.57 之间,区域轻简化指数均< 0.5,对轻简化技术和设备的需求率较高。建议北京市设施蔬菜生产走轻简化发展的道路,改传统南北向栽培为东西向栽培,采用小型起垄开沟机替代人工起垄,发展滴灌施肥、配套施用液体肥料等轻简高效生产技术,推动城郊蔬菜产业转型升级。

Taking on-site visit and questionnaire method,this paper randomly selected 20 gardens in 5 districts with large areas of vegetable facilities in Beijing;and investigated the current situation of vegetable production,and requirement for light and simplified technology/equipments.The results showed that the average age of workers > 50 years in the vegetable gardens in Beijing took 78.3%.The aging tendency was obvious.There are 14 gardens,where the workers got 80-120 yuan wage per person per day,accounted for 70%,indicating the high labor cost.Over 95% of fertilizer and irrigation quantities were controlled by farmer experience.The management on water and fertilizer was extensive.The light and simplified index was 0.31- 0.57,and that of regional figour was all < 0.5.Demand rate for light and simplified technology and equipments was higher.The paper suggests that Beijing takes the simplifying development road for facility vegetable production;changing the traditional north-south cultivation direction into east-west direction;adopting small machine to instead artificial ridges;developing drip irrigation and applying liquid fertilizer,etc. simple but high efficient technology;so as to push forward the transformation and upgrading of suburb vegetable industry.