“语义滞留”原则再认识

The Recognition of the Principle of Semantic Retention

我们从“语义滞留”原则对以下4个问题进行解释。第一,时间副词“就/才”与“了”搭配的不对称性,源于助词“了”滞留有动词“了”的“终了、了结”义。第二,处置介词“把”滞留动词“把”的“把持”义,要求“把”字句中的动词必须含处置义,同时处置介词“把”的宾语不能是结果宾语,打破这一限制的条件是谓语动词进一步被有界化。第三,现代汉语程度副词“挺”修饰的中心语倾向于积极意义,源于滞留动词“挺”的“挺拔、笔直地伸展”义。第四,“一 X就Y”表示“紧随性”构式义,源于“一X”表动量的用法,具体反映在该构式中的连词“一”是从数词“一”语法化而来。

From the perspective of the principle of semantic retention,this paper explains the four questions as follows.(1) The dissymmetry of collocation between temporal adverb“jiu /cai”and“le”stems from the fact that the modal particle“le”has retained the meaning“be over”of the verb“le”.(2) The disposal preposition“ba”has retained the meaning“hold”of the verb“ba”, requiring that the verb in a“ba”sentence contain the disposal meaning and that the object of a disposal preposition“ba”not be an object of result. Breaking the above limits is that predicate verbs must be bounded.(3) That the central words modified by degree adverb“tin”of modern Chinese language tend to have positive meaning is because degree adverb“tin”has retained the meaning“highly,straightly stretch”of verb“tin”.(4) The construction“yi X jiu Y”has the constructional meaning“closely subsequent”that derives from the usage of verbal measure of“yi X”,which can be concretely manifested in the way the conjunction“ yi”in the construction arises from the grammaticalization of numeral“yi”. In addition,there is also an important factor that“jiu”with the finishing meaning contains the mening of“early time”