第二语言个性的心理词汇构建模式探究

A Probe into the Construction Model of Mental Vocabulary of Second Language Personality

本文以俄罗斯语言学家喀拉乌洛夫的语言个性理论为框架,剖析第二语言个性形成过程中心理词汇(词汇联想场)的构建特点。针对44名俄语专业本科高年级学生开展2次汉语与俄语的词汇联想测试,将测试中获取的数据与《俄语联想词典》中的数据进行对比分析,证实或证伪3个假设:第一,二语者与母语者的聚合性反应相近,组合性反应相差;第二,二语词汇习得受母语负迁移;第三,二语学习者的词汇联想能力与二语水平成正比。测试结果显示,假设一成立,假设二与假设三不成立,说明母语为汉语的学习者的俄语词汇联想模式与俄语母语者的联想模式不一致,前者心理词库网的构建主要遵循词与词之间的逻辑属性关系,而后者则更偏向于词汇的组合关系,这也正是二语学习者形成连贯话语困难的主要原因。心理词汇的构建是第二语言个性形成的基础,本文得出的词汇联想测试结果可为二语习得中的词汇教学提供可靠的参考数据。

Based on the linguistic personality theory of Russian linguist Karawlov,this paper analyses the construction characteristics of mental lexicon (lexical associative field) in the formation of second language personality. The lexical association tests of 44 senior students majoring in Russian were conducted twice. Compare and analyze the data obtained in the test with the data in the Russian Dictionary in order to test three hypotheses: first,L2 learner’s and L1 learners have similar paradigmatic reactions and and different syntagmatic reactions;second,L2 vocabulary acquisition is negatively transferred by L1;third,L2 learner’s vocabulary association ability is directly proportional to L2 proficiency. The test results show that the first hypothesis is true,the second hypothesis and the third hypothesis are not true,indicating that the Russian vocabulary association model of the Chinese learners is inconsistent with the association model of the Russian native speakers. The construction of the former psychological lexicon network mainly follows the logical attribute relationship between the words,while the latter is the combination of vocabulary,which is the main reason for the difficulties of second language learners in forming coherent discourse. The construction of psychological vocabulary is the basis of the formation of second language personality. The vocabulary association test results obtained in this paper can provide reliable reference data for vocabulary teaching in second language acquisition.