论优先购买权中的通知义务

On the Duty to Notify under the Right of Preemption

通知义务在优先购买权制度中具有重要地位。通知义务的义务人一般是出卖人。通知义务性质上属于附随义务。出卖人违反通知义务,不仅会使优先购买权的除斥期间不开始计算,还会导致损害赔偿责任。关于通知义务的产生时间,存在着事前通知模式和事后通知模式两种立法例,不同模式下通知义务的内容也不尽相同。如果法律没有规定、当事人亦未约定通知的形式,应当适用形式自由原则。中国未来民法典应当在各类法定优先购买权中统一采纳事后通知模式。

The duty to notify plays an important role in the system of the right of preemption. The obligor that bears the duty to notify is generally the seller. The legal nature of the duty to notify belongs to collateral duty. The seller's breach of the duty to notify will not only postpone the time of exercising the right of preemption, but also result in the liability for damages. For the timing of duty to notify, there are two kinds of legislative modes, namely: the in advance notification mode and the post-notification mode. The contents of the duty to notify under different notification modes are also different. If there are no special provisions in the law and no special agreements between the parties for the form of notification, the principle of freedom of form shall apply. The future Civil Code of China should adopt the postnotification mode in all types of statutory rights of preemption.