预防环境风险向政治风险转化的路径分析——以公众环境风险感知为视角

Strategic Research on Preventing the Conversion of Environmental Risks to Political Risks——From the Perspective of Public Environmental Risk Perception

公众环境风险感知是环境风险转化为政治风险的关键中介机制,包括环境风险的感知偏差机制和传播放大机制。从公众环境风险感知影响因素的视角对预防环境风险向政治风险转化的路径进行分析、研究,结果表明:总体上环境关心促进环境风险感知,系统信任降低环境风险感知,利益损失增加环境风险感知,环境知识与环境风险感知呈倒“U”型关系。因此,应采取如下对策:强化环境治理,减小环境风险;提升环境关心,增加环保行为;构建系统信任,减小风险感知;强调利益关联,减少利益损害;促进环保教育,增加环境知识;推进政策营销,及时披露风险;培育社会组织,规范公众参与;建立协商途径,多元协商治理。

Public environmental risk perception is a key intermediary mechanism for environmental risks to be transformed into social and political risks, including the perceived bias of environmental risks and the amplification of environmental risks. From the perspective of the factors influencing the impact of public environmental risks, the path of preventing environmental risks from transforming into political risks is analyzed. The results show that: overall, the environment cares to promote environmental risk perception, system trust reduces environmental risk perception, interest loss increases environmental risk perception, and environmental knowledge and environmental risk perception have a “U”-type relationship. Based on the above conclusions, the following countermeasures are proposed: strengthen environmental governance, reduce environmental risks;enhance environmental concerns, increase environmental protection behavior;build system trust, reduce risk perception;emphasize interest linkage, reduce interest damage;promote environmental education and increase environmental knowledge;Promote policy marketing, disclose risks in a timely manner;cultivate social organizations, standardize public participation;establish consultation channels, and negotiate inmultiple ways.