日本贵族的演变及对国民性的影响

The Evolution of Japanese Nobility and Its Influence on National Character

在日本,贵族不是后世史家赋予前人的历史概念,而是从古代一直延绵存在到战败的特定的社会阶层。随着社会环境的变化,在不同的历史时期有不同的贵族居于政治舞台的中心,即律令时代的公家贵族、幕府时代的武家贵族、近代身份制度重组后形成的新贵族——华族。不同时期的贵族在规模、结构、功能上各有不同。贵族传统的存在对日本国民性产生的影响主要表现在:身份至上,注重传承,带来国民的双重性格。

In Japan, the nobility is not a historical concept given to the ancestors by later historians, but a specific social class that has existed from ancient times to the end of World War Ⅱ. With the changes of the social environment, different kind of nobles controlled the center of the political arena in different historical periods. Based on a brief description of the scale, structure and characteristics of these nobilities in different historical periods, this paper analyzes the influence of the nobility tradition on Japanese nationality: the class supremacy, the emphasis on inheritance, and the dual personality of Japanese people.