西昆仑甜水海地区铅锌矿成矿特征及找矿进展

Metallogenic characteristics and prospecting progress of lead-zinc deposits in the Tianshuihai area of west Kunlun

新疆和田火烧云铅锌矿的发现,标志着我国铅锌找矿在西昆仑甜水海地区取得了重大突破,区内目前已发现铅锌矿床(点)29处,其中铅锌矿中型矿床7个、大型矿床2个、超大型矿床1个。通过收集整理区内最新的矿产地质勘查成果资料,对该区带内铅锌矿的成矿特征、找矿前景进行系统分析与总结,将区内铅锌矿床划分为密西西比河谷型(MVT)和沉积喷流型(SEDEX)2个大类和4个具体类型,认为它们的成矿过程分别与区域大地构造演化、区域断裂活动及同沉积断层-喷流沉积活动密切相关,在矿体形态、矿石矿物、矿石结构构造等矿化特征及成矿模式方面均有明显差异。火烧云式是受中侏罗统龙山组上段灰岩-白云岩沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,化石山式是受中侏罗统龙山组铁锰质沉积层位控制的沉积喷流型铅锌矿,多宝山式是受断裂构造控制的碳酸盐岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿,元宝岭式是受北东向左行张扭性断裂控制的碎屑岩建造中的MVT型铅锌矿。

The discovery of the Huoshaoyun Pb-Zn deposit in Hetian County of Xinjiang marks a major breakthrough of domestic Pb-Zn prospecting in the Tianshuihai area of west Kunlun Mountains. Till now, 29 Pb-Zn deposits (occurrences) have been discovered in the area, including seven medium-sized deposits, two large deposits and one super-large deposit. This work collected and sorted out the latest mineral and geological prospecting data in this area to make a systematic analysis and summary of the ore-forming characteristics and ore prospecting of the lead-zinc deposits. The lead-zinc deposits in the area can be divided into two types, i.e., the Mississippi valley type (MVT) and sedimentary exhalative type (SEDEX), and four specific types. Their ore-forming process is closely related to the regional tectonic evolution, regional faulting and synsedimentary fault-exhalative deposition. There are significant differences in orebody morphology, ore minerals and ore structure, mineralization characteristics and metallogenic model. The Huoshaoyun-type deposits are sedimentary exhalative lead-zinc deposits controlled by the limestone-dolomite sedimentary horizon of the upper member of Middle Jurassic Longshan Formation. The Huashishan-type deposits are sedimentary exhalative lead-zinc deposits controlled by the Middle Jurassic Longshan Formation iron and manganese horizons. The Duobaoshan-type depsoits are MVT lead-zinc deposits in carbonate formations controlled by fault structures. The Yuanbaoling-type deposits are MVT Pb-Zn deposits in clastic rock formations controlled by a NNE-trending left-lateral extensional fault.