向日葵育种目标的探讨

Discussion on the breeding goals of sunflower

为明确向日葵育种目标,对油用向日葵和食用向日葵进行了不同密度试验,进而根据不同品种的农艺性状、产量性状表现及特征特性,对当前向日葵育种方向进行探讨。结果表明:向日葵品种选育除了要求优质、高产,抗性好,植株紧凑,叶片小,田间通风透光性好,抗倒伏,耐密植且适宜机械化操作外,油用向日葵还要求籽实含油率高、油酸含量高,食用向日葵还要求籽粒商品性好且机械收获后籽粒不易脱皮、商品性保持不变。通过对向日葵育种目标的探讨,有助于向日葵品种的更新换代,更好地服务于向日葵生产,促进向日葵产业的发展。

The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for future sunflower breeding objectives.By planting oil and edible sunflower under different density conditions,the current breeding direction of sunflower was discussed according to the field agronomic traits,yield traits and characteristics of different varieties.Through density testing,it was concluded that sunflower variety breeding not only requires high quality,high yield and good resistance,but it also selects varieties with high quality,high yield,compact plants,small leaves,good ventilation and light transmittance in the field,lodging resistance,dense planting resistance and suitability for mechanized operation.Oil sunflower requires high oil content and high oleic acid content in seeds.Edible sunflower requires good commercial properties of the seeds but the edible sunflower seeds are not easy to peel after mechanical harvesting,and the commercial properties remain unchanged.The discussion on the future breeding objectives of sunflower is helpful for the renewal of sunflower varieties,so as to promote sunflower production and better serve the development of the sunflower industry.