珠子参表型性状变异及其与地理-土壤养分因子的相关性分析

Variation of Phenotypic Traits of Panax japonicus and Their Correlation with Geographical-soil Nutrient Factors

【目的】探讨珠子参表型性状变异及其与地理-土壤养分因子的相关性。【方法】以12个珠子参天然居群为对象,采用变异系数、方差分析、相关分析与聚类分析相结合的方法进行研究。【结果】珠子参的小叶数、茎色、叶形、叶缘等性状在居群间与居群内均有明显变异;7个表型性状在居群间与居群内也存在广泛变异,居群间各性状的变异系数为20.28%~69.18%,其中茎粗和复叶柄长在居群间的变异最大,变异系数的平均值分别为69.18%和57.49%;12个居群表型性状的平均变异系数最大的居群是香格里拉普达措(PDC1)为53.61%,变异系数最小的居群是尾木尼村(WMN)为27.11%。相关性分析表明,珠子参居群的叶长、复叶柄长与纬度和海拔存在显著负相关关系;小叶柄长与经度存在显著正相关关系;株高、叶长、小叶柄长与土壤中的有效磷含量存在显著正相关关系。聚类分析表明,12个珠子参天然居群可分为4类,但性状的表型特征并没有完全依地理距离而聚类。【结论】珠子参天然居群表型性状存在丰富的变异,且与分布生境土壤中有效磷的含量有关。

【Objective】The purpose of this article is to explore the variation of phenotypic traits of Panax japonicus var. Major.【Method】The coefficient of variation analysis, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to study natural populations of P. japonicus.【Result】The traits of leaflets number, stalk color, leaf shape, leaf margin were significant differences among and within populations. The seven phenotypic traits also had extensive variations among and within populations. Coefficients of variation of all traits were 20.28 %-69.18 %, the variation of stem diameter and complex petiole long the highest among the populations, and their average coefficients of variation were 69.18 % and 57.49 % respectively. Among phenotypic traits in 12 populations, Pudacuo Shangri-La(PDC1) had the highest average variation coefficient which was 53.61 %, and Tiger Leaping Gorge Weimuni had the smallest which was 27.11 %. The correlation analysis found that in the populations of P. japonicas, the leaf length and the petiole length were significantly negatively correlated with latitude and altitude, and there was a significant positive correlation between petiole length and longitude, and plant height, leaf length and petiole length were positively correlated with the available phosphorus content in soil. The cluster analysis showed that 12 natural populations of P. japonicus could be initially divided into four groups, but the phenotypic characteristics of traits could not be clustered according to geographic distances.【Conclusion】The above analysis showed that there were abundant variations of phenotypic traits among natural populations of P. japonicus, which related to the content of available phosphorus in habitat soil.