化肥减施对贺兰山东麓土壤肥力及酿酒葡萄品质的影响

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Fertility and Wine Grape Quality in East Piedmont Area of Helan Mountain, Ningxia

【目的】针对贺兰山东麓主要酿酒葡萄产区因过度依赖化肥、土壤贫瘠及长期连作的栽培模式导致的土壤持续生产能力下降、酿酒葡萄品质降低等问题,研究化肥减施对贺兰山东麓土壤肥力及酿酒葡萄品质的影响。【方法】以四年生酿酒葡萄品种"赤霞珠"为研究对象,分别设置不施肥、施100%化肥、施100%有机肥、施50%化肥+50%有机肥、施100%土壤调理剂、施25%化肥+25%有机肥+100%土壤调理剂,共6个处理,探讨化肥减施对酿酒葡萄品质及土壤肥力的影响。【结果】化肥减半对土壤肥力的影响较全量施用化肥差异不显著,但化肥减半处理浆果花色苷含量较全量施用化肥处理显著提升132.9%;全量施用有机肥替代化肥能显著提升果园土壤有机质含量,对土壤速效养分提升效果显著,土壤有机质、速效钾、有效磷的含量较单施化肥处理分别增加了55.05%、130.2%、3.08%,同时施用有机肥能显著增加酿酒葡萄浆果可溶性糖含量;化肥和有机肥各减75%配合土壤调理剂施用产量较全量施用化肥增加了69.07%,但葡萄浆果综合品质下降显著。【结论】在贺兰山东麓碱性石灰性土壤上,增施土壤调理剂能有效改善土壤环境,提升葡萄品质;过量减少化肥施用不利于优质酿酒葡萄原料的生产,化肥减半配施有机肥是提高土壤肥力和酿酒葡萄品质,提高经济效益的有效措施。

[Objective] The main wine-making grape production areas in the eastern foothills of Helan mountain were confronted with the problems such as excessive dependence on chemical fertilizer, poor soil and long-term continuous cropping, which resulted in the decline of soil sustainable production capacity and the decline of wine grape quality, etc. The effects of fertilizer reduction on soil fertility and wine grape quality in the eastern foothills of Helan mountain were studied.[Method] Using the four years old wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon (Cabernet Sauvignon) as the research object, set no fertilizer;100 % chemical fertilizer;100 % organic fertilizer;50 % chemical fertilizer, 50 % organic fertilizer;100 % soil conditioning agent and 25 % chemical fertilizer, 25 % organic fertilizer, 100 % soil conditioning, total six treatments to study the effect of fertilizer reduction on wine grape quality and soil fertility.[ Result] The results showed that the effect of chemical fertilizer halving on soil fertility was not significant compared with that of total fertilizer application. But the content of anthocyanin increased 132.9 % in half of chemical fertilizer treatment compared with total fertilizer application, organic matter content in orchard soil was significantly increased by using organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and soil organic matter content was significantly increased in soil available nutrients. The content of available potassium and available phosphorus increased by 55.05 %, 130.2 % and 3.08 %, respectively ,and the content of soluble sugar of wine grape berries was significantly increased by applying organic fertilizer. The yield of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer decreased by 75 % in combination with soil conditioner, and the yield increased by 69. 07 %, but the comprehensive quality of grape berry decreased significantly.[Conclusion ] In alkaline calcareous soil at the eastern foot of Helan mountain, adding soil conditioner can effectively improve soil environment and improve grape quality, and excessive reduction of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the production of high quality wine grape raw materials. It is an effective measure to improve soil fertility, wine grape quality and economic benefit by halving fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer.