基质含水量对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响

Effects of Water Content of Substrate on Seedling Quality and Yield of Machine-trans-planted Rice

为了探明机插育秧基质的最佳含水量,以江早361为试验材料,探讨了基质4种水分含量(W1,40%;W2,60%;W3,80%;W4,100%)对早稻(E)和晚稻(L)秧苗素质和大田产量的影响。结果表明,基质含水量对秧苗素质和产量均有显著影响。在早季,EW2处理产量最高,比其他3个处理增产4.9%~5.9%,差异显著;EW2处理叶龄比EW1和EW4增加7.0%,差异显著;EW2处理苗高比EW3和EW4分别增加10.2%和10.7%,差异显著;EW2处理单株茎叶质量比其他3个处理增加6.8%~13.3%,差异显著。相关分析可知,早稻产量与每穗粒数呈显著正相关。在晚季,LW2处理产量最高,比LW1和LW4处理分别增加13.2%和10.4%,差异显著;随着基质含水量的增加,晚稻叶龄、苗高、茎基宽和单株茎叶质量均是先增加后减少,均以LW2处理最大,4个指标最高值比最低值分别增加7.4%、13.3%、13.0%、14.8%。相关分析可知,晚稻产量与千粒重呈显著负相关。可见,在本试验条件下,基质含水量为60%时有利于提高机插稻秧苗素质,进而提高机插稻产量。

There are few reports on the effect of water content of substrate on the seedling quality and yield of machine-transplanted rice. In order to clarify the optimum water content of substrate, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water content of substrate(Water content is 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively, which represented by W1, W2, W3 and W4 respectively)on the seedling quality and yield of machine-transplanted rice using Jiangzao 361 as material. The results showed that the water content of substrate had a significant influence on the seedling quality and yield of machine-transplanted rice. In the early season, the yield of EW2 treatment was the highest, which was significantly increased by 4.9%~5.9% than the other three treatments. The leaf age of EW2 treatment was significantly increased by 7.0% than EW1 and EW4 treatment, the plant height of EW2 treatment was significantly increased by 10.2% and 10.7% than EW3 and EW4 treatment, the dry weight per seedling of EW2 treatment was significantly increased by 6.8%~13.3%, compared with the other three treatments. The correlation analysis showed that the yield of early rice was significant positively correlated with grain number per ear. In the late season, the yield of LW2 treatment was the highest, which was significantly increased by 13.2% and 10.4% compared with LW1 and LW4 treatment. With the increase of water content of substrate, the leaf age, the plant height, the stalk and the dry weight per seedling were increased first and then reduced, LW2 treatment was the largest, the maximal value of 4 indexes were increased by 7.4%, 13.3%, 13.0% and 14.8%, respectively, compared with the minimum value. The correlation analysis showed that the yield of late rice was negatively correlated with the thousand seed weight. Under the condition of this experiment, the optimum water content of substrate is 60%, which is conducive to improving the quality of rice seedling and increasing the yield of machine-transplanted rice.