黑龙江西部区水稻旱直播技术研究

Study on the Technique of Rice Dry Direct Seeding in Western Heilongjiang Province

水资源匮乏已经成为我国水稻生产的重要限制因素,旱直播的出现和发展为水稻产业提供了新的思路。针对黑龙江西部地区降水少、灌溉水资源利用不合理等问题,围绕旱直播配套品种、机械播种、除草、节水灌溉等技术进行研究,初步建立了水稻旱直播轻简化栽培技术体系。与农民传统插秧淹灌栽培模式相比,轻简化栽培模式下可节水2435.0m3/hm2,节水率达19.78%。同时,它能明显减少人工操作环节,轻简省力,有利于大面积作业。该模式可节省成本3237.0元/hm2,经济效益增加3974.1元/hm2,增效33.20%。

Water shortage has become an important limiting factor for rice production in China. The emergence and development of dry direct seeding has provided new ideas for rice industry. Aiming at the problems of low precipitation and unreasonable utilization of irrigation water resource in western Heilongjiang province, a simplified cultivation technology system of rice direct seeding in dry land was established based on the research of varieties screening, mechanical seeding, weeding and water-saving irrigation techniques. The results showed that, compared with the traditional transplanting and submerged irrigation cultivation mode, the simplified cultivation mode had significant water-saving effect, which could save water 2 435.0 m3 per hectare, and the water saving rate was 19.78%. At the same time, it could significantly reduce the manual operation process, simplify and save labor, and was conducive to large-scale operation. Under the simplified mode, the cost could be saved by 3 237.0 yuan per hectare and the economic benefit could be increased by 3 974.1 yuan per hectare, which increased by 33.2%.