治理能力现代化背景下美国体育产业的制度治理与启示

Institutional Governance of American Sports Industry and Its Enlightenment Under the Background of Modernization of Governance Ability

在大力提升体育治理能力和发展体育产业的新时代背景下,从体制制度和具体制度两个维度对美国体育产业的治理体系进行了剖析。认为美国体育产业具有一套健全的制度治理体系,包括政府规制与市场主导衔接的分权治理体制、利益相关者多元协同治理结构、产业组织的内生式自治模式以及关联共生的联动治理机制,打造了联邦系列制度、联盟特殊制度、反垄断豁免制度和公司治理制度等法治体系。研究提出优化体育产业治理模式,打造“刚柔并济”的复合型治理机制;理清多元治理主体关系,构建“横向联动”的社会化协同治理体制;完善体育产业具体制度,健全覆盖监管、扶持、评估、问责等法治体系。

Under the background of the new era of improving sports governance ability and developing sports industry,this paper analyzed the governance system of sports industry in the United States from two dimensions of system and specific system by using the methods of documentation,system analysis and comparative analysis.The study believes that the American sports industry has a sound system of institutional governance,including a decentralized governance system with government regulations and market dominance,a stakeholder multiple cooperative governance structure,an endogenous autonomy model of industrial organizations,and an interconnected governance mechanism of associated symbiosis.It has created a rule of law system such as a federal series system,a special system of alliances,an anti-monopoly exemption system,and a corporate governance system.This paper proposes to optimize the governance model of sports industry and establish a compound governance mechanism of “hardness and softness”;to clear up the relations between the subjects of multiple governance and build a “horizontal linkage” of the socialized cooperative governance system;to perfect the specific system of sports industry and improve the rule of law system covering supervision,support,evaluation and accountability.