大学生化妆品不良反应现状及影响因素分析

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Adverse Reactions to Cosmetics Among College Students

目的了解大学生化妆品使用情况和不良反应的流行特征及影响因素。方法 采取多阶段整群抽样方法,随机抽取江西省宜春职业技术学院5个不同专业学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学信息:性别、年龄、民族、专业、年级、过敏史等;化妆品使用及不良反应、对不良反应发生认知度的情况。运用χ 2 检验和多因素Logistic回归分析对资料进行统计分析。结果 共获取有效调查对象1522人,其中女性比例为62.35%。总体化妆品使用率为92.84%,其中女性化妆品使用率为95.57%,男性化妆品使用率为88.31%;大一、大二、大三年级的学生化妆品使用率分别为91.89%、91.92%、93.88%,较好、中等及较差经济状况的学生化妆品使用率分别为94.96%、95.92%、79.93%;学前教育、会计、护理、旅游管理、艺术与设计各专业学生化妆品使用率分别为92.41%、94.85%、89.61%、91.84%、95.24%。总体不良反应发生率为10.83%,不良反应类型中接触性皮炎发生率最高为8.21%。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,性别( OR =5.231,95% CI 1.802~11.411, P <0.05)、会计( OR =0.409,95% CI 0.578~0.945, P <0.05)、护理( OR =0.758,95% CI 0.533~0.845, P <0.05)、经济状况( OR =2.435,95% CI 1.738~3.458, P <0.05)、美容美发机构( OR =1.925,95% CI 1.074~3.451, P <0.05)、网络( OR =2.014,95% CI 1.165~3.513, P < 0.05)、化妆品使用种类( OR =1.287,95% CI 1.042~1.589, P <0.05)、化妆品使用频率( OR =2.456,95% CI 1.074~ 5.618, P <0.05)及冬季( OR =1.024,95% CI 0.089~0.784, P <0.05)均为化妆品不良反应的影响因素。结论 宜春职业技术学院学生化妆品使用率处于中高等水平,不良反应发生率为中等,需要引起相关部门及学校的重视,加大法律法规宣传和监管力度,提高大学生自我保护意识,降低化妆品不良反应发生率。

Objective To understand the current status of cosmetic use and the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of adverse reactions to cosmetics among college students. Methods Students from five different majors of Yichun Vocational Technical College were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and were surveyed by the questionnaire.The contents included demographic information(gender,age,ethnicity,major,grade,allergy history,etc.),cosmetic use,adverse reactions,and awareness of adverse reactions.The statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1522 college students were surveyed effectively(female students,62.35%).The overall cosmetic usage rate was 92.84% among the college students(95.57% for female students and 88.31% for male students).Furthermore,the utilization rate was 91.89% among freshers,91.92% among sophomores,93.88% among juniors,94.96% among students with good economic status,95.92% among students with medium economic status,79.93% among students with poor economic status,92.41% among students majoring in preschool education,94.85% among students majoring in accounting,89.61% among students majoring in nursing,91.84% among students majoring in tourism management,and 95.24% among students majoring in art and design.The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 10.83 %,and the most frequent adverse reaction was contact dermatitis(8.21%).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the adverse reactions to cosmetics included the gender( OR =5.231,95% CI 1.802-11.411, P < 0.05 ),accounting major( OR =0.409,95% CI 0.578-0.945, P <0.05),nursing major( OR = 0.758 ,95% CI 0.533-0.845, P <0.05),economic condition( OR =2.435,95% CI 1.738-3.458, P < 0.05),beauty salons( OR =1.925,95% CI 1.074-3.451, P <0.05),network( OR =2.014,95% CI 1.165- 3.513, P <0.05),cosmetic types( OR =1.287,95% CI 1.042-1.589, P <0.05),cosmetic use frequency( OR =2.456,95% CI 1.074-5.618, P <0.05) and winter( OR =1.024,95% CI 0.089-0.784, P <0.05). Conclusion The cosmetic usage rate is at medium to higher levels and the incidence of adverse reactions is at medium level among students in Yichun Vocational Technical College.Therefore,the relevant departments and the college should pay attention to the use of cosmetics,strengthen the publicity and supervision and improve the awareness of self-protection of college students to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to cosmetics.