火、逻各斯、城邦生活三者的内在关系——赫拉克利特哲学思想研究

The Internal Relations of Fire,Logos,and City-State Life:A Study on Heraclitus’s Philosophy

火与逻各斯的关系是理解赫拉克利特哲学思想的一个关键。古希腊人试图从杂乱无章的chaos中整理出一个有序的cosmos来,在赫拉克利特看来,这一秩序化的过程是由“火”来完成的。然而他所认为的作为世界本原的“火”与米利都学派和毕达哥拉斯学派所讨论的本原并不在一个维度上。通过考察古代希腊人的家庭及城邦生活可以发现,赫拉克利特所说的“火”不是宇宙论意义上的火,而是一种空间或位置意义上的火。这意味着它并不是指构成宇宙的元素,而是维系着一个“政治一生命”空间之敞开的圣火,照亮了一个“伦理一政治”空间。火是一个秩序的开创形象,暗示了这背后的必然性规律是“逻各斯”。这也是赫拉克利特将“逻各斯”视为宇宙普遍法则高度的理由。

The relationship between fire and logos is a key to understanding Heraclituses philosophy. The ancient Greeks tried to sort out an orderly "cosmos " from the disorderly " chaos ". This orderly process was considered by Heraclitus to be done by "fire." However, what he believes as the "fire" of the world's original and the Miletus School and the Pythagorean school are not in same level. When we learn ancient Greek city-states and families we will find what he said the fire is "holy fireAn ethical and political space was opened by the holy fire. The fire is the law of necessity behind the logos. Greeks do not believe that something out of nothing. They tried to sort out cosmos from chaos and this process is accomplished by the fire. This means that it does not mean the elements that make up the universe, but the open flame that maintains a " political-life" space, illuminating an " ethical-political" space. Fire is a pioneering image of order, suggesting that the law of inevitability behind this is " logos." This is why Heraclitus regards " Logos" as the height of the universal law of the universe.