从《诗品》流派体系的建构看钟嵘诗学观的“尚中”原则

Zhong Rong’s Principle of “Advocating the middle” in Poetics View from the Construction of the Genre System of Ranking of Poets

钟嵘以作者抒发怨情的手段是委婉的还是直露的,作为划分“诗经”派与“楚辞”派的首要标准。以委婉程度的深浅为标准又将“诗经”派诗人分为“小雅”派和“国风”派。其中,“国风”派诗人又具体分为“哀而不伤”和“风骨高峻”两类。“楚辞”派诗人则以情感上的直露和语言上的直白为标准,分为“凄怨”和“鄙直”两类。这种分类标准体现了钟嵘诗学观的“尚中”原则:推崇情感上既不寡淡又不过分哀伤、技巧上既不朴拙又不过分趋新的诗歌。钟嵘试图通过建构以“尚中”原则为评价标准的诗歌流派体系来扭转齐梁诗风日益俗化、宫体化的趋势。

Zhong Rong takes the author’s means of expressing his grievances as the primary criterion for dividing the poets into the “ Book of Songs ” school and the “Chuci” school. The former is subdivided into “Xiaoya” and “Guofeng” according to the standard of euphemism. Among them,“Guofeng” poets are divided into “melancholy but not unhappy” and “high-spirited”. The latter is subdivided into two categories, miserable and despicable, according to the emotional and linguistic frankness. This classification embodies Zhong Rong’s principle of “advocating the middle” in his poetics, that is, advocating poetry that is neither indifferent nor too sad in emotion, nor too simple nor too new in skill. Zhong Rong tried to reverse the trend of the increasingly customized and palace-style poetry in Qi and Liang Dynasties by constructing a poetry genre system based on the principle of “advocating the middle”.